@article {683,
	title = {Analysis of first building retrofitted to EN-Eurocode 8 versus performance under near-design-level earthquake},
	journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {2590},
	chapter = {2567},
	abstract = {A ground motion with a PGA of 0.39 g, above the 475-year design earthquake specified in the Greek seismic code and the National Annex to Eurocode 8, was recorded about 100 m from the municipal theatre of Argostoli, the capital of the Ionian island of Kefalonia. The building, the largest in volume in the town, was designed and constructed to the 1959 seismic code for lateral loads (about 30 \% of those specified today). Suffering also from severe reinforcement corrosion and poor concrete quality, it provided the ground to apply for the first time (in 2005) Part 3 of Eurocode 8 for seismic assessment and retrofitting. The assessment based on nonlinear dynamic analysis showed that the buidling was deficient even under ground motions with PGA less than 0.05 g. Alongside the need to tackle corrosion, the design of the retrofitting had to face several constraints and requirements: minimal disruption of the facility{\textquoteright}s operation, accessibility to the foundation only along the building perimeter, no change to the fa{\c c}ade and minimal intervention to the other lateral sides. A very cost-effective retrofitting was designed, employing: (a) one-sided RC or fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) overlays and two new walls at the perimeter, (b) connection of the two structurally independent and torsionally imbalanced units of the building in a single structure, and (c) one-sided FRP jacketing of selected interior elements. Less than 7 years after the works were completed, the building went unscathed through a Magnitude 6.1 earthquake. Serious damage was limited to four nonstructural masonry infill panels at the penthouse, which, according to the retrofit design, could be sacrificed, so as to protect vulnerable structural elements that could not be retrofitted in the first place. Nonlinear dynamic analyses of the response of the retrofitted building to the recorded ground motions are in agreement with the observed performance. They show also that, had the as-built facility not been retrofitted, it might have collapsed in the earthquake.},
	keywords = {Eurocode 8, Nonlinear dynamic analysis, Seismic assessment, Seismic damage, Seismic evaluation, Seismic rehabilitation, Seismic retrofitting},
	issn = {1570-761X},
	doi = {10.1007/s10518-015-9740-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9740-3},
	author = {Fardis, MichaelN and Liosatou, Eftychia and Kosmopoulos, Antonis}
}
@conference {692,
	title = {An Analytical Method for the Estimation of Radiation Heat Flux from Open pool Fires and pool Fires Im-pinging on Ceilings},
	booktitle = {10th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology},
	year = {2015},
	address = {Tsukuba, Japan },
	abstract = {<p class="abstract">This paper presents a new integral method for the estimation of the thermal radiation flux from open pool in air fires and pool fires having flames sometimes impinging under extensive ceilings. For open fires, a uniformly distributed emissive power to the cylinder that represents the flame envelop is used together with a radiant fraction that depends on the source diameter. Estimations and comparisons are produced using the mean as well as the continuous (stoichiometric) flame heights which is calculated and correlated numerically including flames impinging on the ceiling. The applicability of the method and comparison with previous analytical methods is validated for a range of heat release rates (1 to 300 kW) using experimental results of the literature. For fires under ceilings, the gas temperature distribution under the ceiling is used to estimate the thermal radiation from a disc that represents the flames if flames impinge on the ceiling as well the hot gases in all the ceiling layer. Radiation flux from the ceiling jet is significant in this case, while the lower and higher values are estimated for the complicated view factor, assuming that the flame cylinder under the ceiling is opaque or transparent. Estimations are compared with experimental results of the literature, indicating that the adoption of a transparent flame cylinder produces conservative results for all the cases examined.</p>},
	keywords = {Ceiling, Simplified modelling, Thermal radiation},
	author = {Vouros, Α and Delichatsios, ΜΑ and Zhang, J}
}
